Thanks for all your efforts.
It seems that you are using the user browser language to determine which database to query, or at least it's my best guest. This has unfortunate results when using a filter. In french I'd have to use type(ville) whereas in english I'd use type(town). Using type(town) with a browser with french as a default language will return no results for any query.
Now, try this:
http://where.yahooapis.com/v1/places$and(....;count=0?appid=[yourAppid]&format=geojson&lang=fr
will return nothing (at least from my browser)
whereas
http://where.yahooapis.com/v1/places$and(....;count=0?appid=[yourAppid]&format=geojson
will return a number of results (although, see below, with naming issues)
Another language issue. Looking up for "Rennes" in french will return a set of cities including one called rennes-en-grenouille. But the result returned for the same query in english will return the short "rennes" for the same city (same woeid). All such names I tested had similar bugs, the english result is systematically shortened while there is no reason to do so.
Thanks for your time